Abduction – the action of certain muscles in pulling a leg, arm, etc. away from the median axis of the body.

Adduction – a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body or limb.

Aerobic thresholds –a steady-state effort that you could perform for hours. It is usually measured by determining 60-70% of your maximum heart rate.

Body management –skills which require balance, maintaining equilibrium and gaining and maintaining postural control

Circumduction – The circular movement of a body part.

Compound movement – A weight lifting movement that uses multiple muscle groups.

Concentric – The external force on the muscle is less than the force the muscle is generating - a shortening contraction.

Cortisol – also called hydrocortisone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and works with certain parts of your brain to control your mood, motivation and fear.

Dopamine – a neurotransmitter, a chemical that is responsible for transmitting signals in between the nerve cells (neurons) of the brain. It is responsible for the feelings of reward and pleasure.

Eccentric – the motion of an active muscle while it is lengthening under load.

Endorphin – a neurotransmitter that interacts with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain. Known as one of the happiness hormones.

Eversion – the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.

Fast Twitch – muscle fibres responsible for powerful bursts of movements like sprinting.

Fitness appraisal tools – a device utilized to determine the various aspects of physical fitness and health.

Inversion – the movement of the sole of the foot towards the median plane.

Isolated movement – A weight lifting movement that uses one muscle group.

Isometric – contractions of a particular muscle or group of muscles where the muscle does not noticeably change length and the affected joint does not move.

Leadership –theart of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal.

Principles of practice – support the learning of movement skills and include:

• incorporating a whole-part-whole method;
• engaging in shorter practice of specific skills distributed over time as opposed to one session and/or one long session; and,
• practising in game-like conditions and not as isolated experiences.

Proficiency – a high degree of competence, skill or expertise.

Pronation – the foot rolls inwards and the arch of the foot flattens.

Serotonin – a neurotransmitter in the human body. It is believed to help regulate mood and social behavior, appetite and digestion, sleep, memory, and sexual desire and function. Known as one of the happiness hormones.

Slow Twitch – muscle fibres responsible for long-endurance feats such as distance running.

Stewardship –the careful and responsible management of something entrusted to one's care

Supination – the rolling outward motion of the foot.

Supplements – a product taken orally that contains one or more ingredients (such as vitamins or amino acids) that are intended to support one's diet and are not considered food.