Comprehend common Spanish vocabulary and phrasing such as:

• vocabulary in context, for various text types (p. ej., los hispanohablantes en Canadá, español, una historieta, un dibujo, un artículo, provincias y territorios);
• adjectives (p. ej., un viaje interesante, una película excelente);
• useful phrases for various contexts and text types (p. ej., “gira a la derecha”, “querido papá”, “para concluir”, “un intercambio cultural”;
• the interrogative form with inversion (p. ej., “¿cómo se llama? “, “¿te gusta la paella?”, “e informes”, “no, no me gusta”); and,
• expressions (p. ej., “me encanta”).

Examine the use of the following verb conjugations:

• present tense of pronominal verbs (p. ej., “me peino”);
• present tense of irregular imperative verbs (p. ej., Ser: sé, Poner: pon, Tener: ten, Salir: sal, Venir: ven, Ir: ve, Decir: di, Hacer: haz);
• present conditional tense with regular and irregular and common verbs (p. ej., hacer, ir, tener, ser, estar);
• present tense of irregular and regular and common verbs (p. ej., dibujar, escuchar, terminar, hacer, ir, ser, estar);
• past tense in common or in context (e.g., present perfect) of regular verbs and irregular verbs (p. ej., dibujar, escuchar, terminar, hacer, ir, tener);
• the past tense with irregular and regular verbs (p. ej., dibujar, escuchar, terminar, hacer, ir, tener) and familiar verbs;
• simple future of irregular and regular common verbs (p. ej., dibujar, escuchar, terminar, hacer, ir, ser, estar); and,
• future tense (p. ej., bailarás, jugaremos).

Explore grammatical components, including:

• text structure;
• use of negation (p. ej., “No ha estado en España.”);
• placement of adjectives (p. ej., “Me gustan las flores rojas.”);
• comparative and superlative adjectives (p. ej., “bueno, mejor, el mejor”, “Es la ciudad más bonita”);
• direct object pronouns (p. ej., me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las);
• indirect object pronouns (p. ej., me, te, le, nos, os, los);
• simple prepositions (p. ej., detrás (de), hasta, por, en, desde, para, con, sobre);
• conjunctions (p. ej., sin embargo, pero, más, no obstante); and,
• spelling and punctuation.

Recognize the conventions of informal and formal language:

• informal (e.g., use informal language and tone with familiar expressions and use words like “tú” and “vosotros”); and,
• formal (e.g., use formal language and tone with formal expressions and use words like “usted”).

Discuss the effect of grammatical components to enhance communication, including:

• rich word choice;
• complex prepositions (p. ej., cerca de, encima de, lejos de, fuera de); and,
• complex conjunctions (p. ej., pues, entonces, sino, pero, sobre eso).