Investigate how applying or removing physical and magnetic forces of varying intensity can cause objects (e.g., toy cars, blocks, balls, pencils, and books) in their environment to move, stop moving, stay at rest, or change direction.

Predict and test the results of applying physical and magnetic forces, including friction, to an object or removing forces from an object.

Describe the effects of applying forces of varying intensity on various objects using personal language such as "it moved", "it stopped", and "it changed direction".

Observe the effects of magnets on a variety of metallic and non-metallic objects (e.g., nails, screws, pencils, paper, keys, paper clips, and clothing) and sort those objects based on their attraction to magnets.

Identify natural and artificial sources of light, sound, and heat in their environment.

Conduct simple investigations into the effects of light, sound, and heat on different objects, including self, through free exploration, focused exploration, and guided activity using inquiry skills (e.g., heat melting crayons, sunlight fading paper, and rice on a drum bouncing).

Describe personal observations of the effects of light, sound, and heat energy on objects, including self, using stems such as I see, I hear, it feels, it smells, and it tastes (when safe and appropriate to do so).

Predict effects (e.g., plant growth is reduced, danger warnings are not heard, and objects may freeze) of the removal of light, sound, and/or heat from their environment.