CH30-EQ1
Consider, qualitatively and quantitatively, the characteristics and applications of equilibrium systems in chemical reactions.

SI, DM, TPS

Indicators for this outcome
(a) Discuss why most chemical reactions do not proceed to completion. (K)
(b) Discuss the criteria (e.g., closed system, constancy of properties and equal rates of forward and reverse reactions) that characterize an equilibrium system. (K)
(c) Analyze graphs of the concentrations of reactants and products with respect to time in chemical reactions which approach equilibrium, chemical reactions which achieve equilibrium and chemical reactions which undergo a change in equilibrium. (K, S)
(d) Write the equilibrium constant (Keq) expression for a variety of chemical reactions. (K, S)
(e) Recognize that equilibrium constant (Keq) values are dependent upon pressure (for gases only) and temperature but are independent of concentration and the presence of a catalyst. (K)
(f) Explain why solid and liquid phases have no effect on the value of an equilibrium constant. (K)
(g) Interpret Keq values to determine whether the concentration of products, reactants or neither is favoured once equilibrium has been reached. (S)
(h) Perform calculations involving Keq and the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products. (S)
(i) Solve problems related to chemical equilibrium, using Initial concentration, Change in concentration and Equilibrium concentration (ICE) charts. (K, S)
(j) Predict the shifts in equilibrium caused by changes in temperature, pressure, volume, concentration or the addition of a catalyst, using Le Chatelier's principle. (S)
(k) Construct a model or design an experiment that demonstrates the concepts of equilibrium and/or Le Chatelier's principle. (STSE, S)
(l) Describe the Haber process, its historical significance and societal impacts. (STSE, K, A)
(m) Describe ways in which industry manipulates chemical reactions to change the equilibrium point to make processes economically viable. (STSE, K, A)
(n) Examine how the concepts of reversible reactions and equilibrium apply to biological systems. (STSE)
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