| (a) |
emonstrate the importance of using precise language in science and technology by formulating operational definitions for voltage, resistance, and current. |
| (b) |
Demonstrate the role of switches and variable resistors in series and parallel circuits, and identify practical examples of switches and variable resistors in daily life. |
| (c) |
Model the characteristics of series and parallel circuits using analogies or visual and/or physical representations. |
| (d) |
Use an ammeter, voltmeter, and/or multimeter safely and accurately to measure current and voltage of a variety of student-constructed series and parallel circuits, and identify potential sources of error in instrument readings. |
| (e) |
Display data from the investigation of voltage, current, and resistance in series and parallel circuits in tabular form and graphically. |
| (f) |
Calculate values of unknown quantities in electric circuits using Ohm’s Law $I = V/R$. |
| (g) |
Model, using appropriate standard circuit diagram symbols, series and parallel circuits that include an energy source, one or more switches, and various loads designed to accomplish specific tasks (e.g., household lighting, flashlight, electric fan, blender, coffee maker, toy vehicle, and automotive lighting). |
| (h) |
Rephrase questions related to electric circuits in a testable form (e.g., rephrase a question such as “Why do we use parallel circuits in household wiring?” to “How do the voltage and current in a series circuit compare with those in a parallel circuit?”). |
