Explain how the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition result from water movement and wave action, including how waves and tides are generated and how they interact with shorelines.

Plan and conduct a simulation to demonstrate how temperature differences cause water currents.

Explain the meaning and significance of the forces that shape the landscape to First Nations and Métis people.

Describe how the interactions of ocean currents, winds, and regional climates shape local, regional, national, and global environments.

Critique the design and function of technologies designed to minimize damage due to waves and tides (e.g., piers, breakwaters, dune vegetation, and coastline reconfiguration) in oceans and in-land water bodies.

Create a written, visual, physical, or dramatic representation of the processes that lead to the development of rivers, lakes, continental drainage systems, and ocean basins, including glaciation, continental drift, erosion, and volcanic action.

Relate factors that affect glacier formation and reduction and their effects on the environment to the formation of glacial landforms in Saskatchewan (e.g., drumlins, moraines, eskers, and kettle lakes).

Identify factors that affect polar icecap formation and reduction and their effects on the environment, including possible changes to ocean currents and climate patterns.

Propose new questions and problems for future study that arise from the study of the effects of wind, water, and ice on the landscape (e.g., “How might changes in glaciers affect Saskatchewan water supplies?” “How might icecap melting change Canadian coastlines?”).