| (a) |
Illustrate the relationship between mass, volume, and density of solids, liquids, and gases using the particle theory of matter. |
| (b) |
Design and carry out processes, including the water displacement method, to determine the density of various regularly shaped and irregularly shaped materials. |
| (c) |
Use instruments safely, effectively, and accurately for collecting data about the density of solids, liquids, and gases. |
| (d) |
Measure the mass and volume of a variety of objects, record the data in tabular form, and display the data graphically. |
| (e) |
Value accuracy, precision, and honesty when gathering data about the density of objects. |
| (f) |
Interpolate or extrapolate from student-constructed graphs of density to determine the mass or volume of a substance. |
| (g) |
Calculate the density of various regularly shaped materials using the formula $d=m/v$ and using units of $g/{mL}$ or $g/{cm}^3$. |
| (h) |
Compare the densities of common substances to the density of water and discuss practical applications that are based on differing densities. |
| (i) |
Identify the effects of changes in temperature on the density of solids, liquids, and gases and explain the results using the particle theory of matter. |
| (j) |
Describe situations in daily life where we see evidence that the density of substances changes naturally (e.g., molten lava as it cools, water ‘turning over’ at 4°C in the fall, air when mirages form) or is intentionally altered (e.g., air in a hot-air balloon, cream when it is churned and cooled). |
