Diagram how the forces of thrust, drag, lift, and gravity act on living things or devices that fly through the air.

Use scientific terminology appropriately (e.g., thrust, drag, lift, and gravity) when communicating ideas about the principles of flight.

Generate questions related to the principles of flight and rephrase those questions in a testable form (e.g., rephrase a question such as "Why can some gliders travel farther than others?" to "What effect does wing shape have on the distance a glider can travel?").

Describe the role of lift in overcoming gravity and enabling devices or living things to fly.

Determine how lift is affected by the shape of a surface by planning and carrying out steps to investigate the effect of wing shape on lift.

Describe and represent methods for altering drag in flying devices, such as a bird spreading wings or an airplane employing flaps.

Provide examples of how science and technology have been used to solve problems related to drag in devices that fly.

Compare the sources of thrust of various constructed flying devices including the propeller, jet engine, and solid or liquid-fuelled rocket.