CP, SI
| (a) |
Differentiate between examples of contact (e.g., wind, push, and pull) and non-contact (e.g., magnetic and gravitational) forces in their daily lives. |
| (b) |
Describe how forces can act directly or from a distance to cause objects to start to move, speed up, slow down, change direction, or stop moving. |
| (c) |
Explain and diagram, using force arrows to represent the relative strength and direction of a force, how contact and non-contact forces affect the movement of objects. |
| (d) |
Collaboratively design and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of changing the amount of force applied to an object on the movement of the object. |
| (e) |
Measure, using non-standard units (e.g., number of elastic bands, and the length that an elastic band stretches), the force required to cause an object to move a specified distance, and estimate the force required to move a different object the same distance or the same object a different distance. |
| (f) |
Record qualitative observations and quantitative measurements about the effects of non-contact (i.e., gravitational and magnetic) forces which act from a distance to cause objects to move, change direction, or stay in place. |
| (g) |
Differentiate between the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces (e.g., gravitational, magnetic, and mechanical) on the movement of objects. |
| (h) |
Pose questions to investigate the effects of friction on stationary and moving objects, and identify variables (e.g., surface material, texture, mass, angle of ramp, and orientation of object) that may be relevant to the investigation. |
| (i) |
Conduct a fair test to compare the effects of friction on the movement of objects over a variety of surfaces (e.g., wood, cloth, floor tile, carpet, tabletop, sidewalk, and grass). |
| (j) |
Collect and display quantitative data related to forces and motion using tables, charts, diagrams, and line graphs. |
| (k) |
Measure forces in standard units (e.g., Newton) using a spring scale or a force sensor. |
| (l) |
Collect and graph quantitative data to compare the mass and gravitational force acting on various objects. |
| (m) |
Evaluate methods used to investigate the effects of contact and non-contact forces on the movement of objects, including identifying and suggesting explanations for discrepancies in collected data. |
| (n) |
Draw conclusions about the relationship between contact and non-contact forces on the movement of objects. |
