Pose questions about the properties of rocks and minerals (e.g., What is the difference between rocks and minerals? Where do we find rocks and minerals? Do rocks become minerals?).

Document the locations and characteristics of rocks that exist in their local environment.

Observe and record physical properties of rocks and minerals using appropriate terminology such as colour, lustre, hardness, cleavage, transparency, and crystal structure.

Use appropriate tools (e.g., hand lens, safety glasses, brush, rock pick, knife, measuring tape, and gloves) safely while making observations and collecting information on the physical properties of rocks and minerals.

Demonstrate respect for all components of their environment when observing and collecting rocks and minerals (e.g., do not remove rocks and minerals from private property without permission).

Demonstrate processes for testing the hardness of minerals, including reference to guides such as Moh's scale of mineral hardness.

Record observations of rocks and minerals using jot notes, labelled diagrams, and charts.

Compare the physical properties of rocks and minerals from the local environment with those from other geological areas.

Develop a classification scheme to organize their understanding of rocks and minerals.

Account for any variation between their classification schemes of rocks and minerals and those of classmates, Elders, traditional knowledge keepers, geologists, or other resources.

Differentiate between rocks and minerals.

Develop simple generalizations about the physical characteristics of rocks and minerals based on observation and research.