Use pragmatic (e.g., author's purpose and point of view), textual (e.g., how author organized text), syntactic (e.g., main and subordinate ideas), semantic/lexical/morphological (e.g., figurative language and specific word meanings by their context, common affixes, and allusions), graphophonic (e.g., word patterns), and other cues (e.g., non-verbal cues, headings, charts, and diagrams) to construct and confirm meaning when viewing, listening, and reading.
NOTE: Italicized text refers to those indicators that are emphasized at this grade level.
| (a) | Pragmatic: Recognize and explain function and purpose of texts including informing, persuading, narrating, and describing; recognize use of language and language register (i.e., formal, informal, colloquialism, jargon, slang); recognize author's purpose and point of view; detect use of emotional appeal or persuasive language (e.g., testimonials, emotional appeals, bandwagon effects). |
| (b) |
Textual: Recognize and explain how structures and features of texts can work to shape understanding including form/genre, common organizational patterns within texts (chronological, enumerative, problem/solution, cause/effect, comparison/contrast), artistic devices (e.g., personification, exaggeration, symbolism, figurative language including similes and metaphors), elements (e.g., point of view, conflict, theme, supporting arguments), and text features (e.g., credits, headings, diagrams, glossaries, columns, sidebars, pull-quotes). |
| (c) |
Syntactical: Recognize and comprehend sentence structures that contain a verb and its subject, closely related ideas in compound structures using conjunctions or joining words, complete sentences with a main idea and appropriate subordination and modification, varied sentence beginnings, and effective capitalization and punctuation including periods, commas, quotation marks, colons, dashes, and hyphens. |
| (d) |
Semantic/Lexical/Morphological: Recognize and comprehend words that are appropriate for audience, purpose, and context and capture a particular aspect of intended meaning; use context, prefixes, suffixes, and root words, sounds, and reference tools to determine meaning of words; recognize words used figuratively and for imagery; identify and interpret figurative language and words with multiple meanings; understand and explain "shades of meaning" in related words (e.g., quietly, softly). |
| (e) |
Graphophonic: Recognize and explain onomatopoeia, alliteration, derivatives, bases, and affixes. |
| (f) |
Other Cues: Recognize and comprehend non-verbal cues, physical movement, body language, gestures, and facial expressions; recognize sound, visual, and multimedia techniques characteristic of visual and multimedia texts including navigation bars, footnotes, headings, charts, and diagrams. |
