Communicate, with clarity and correctness, using the appropriate language, the biomechanical concepts and principles related to lever and projectiles, as well as Newton's First Law (e.g., external force), Second Law (e.g., force, mass, speed), and Third Law (e.g., action, reaction).

Research and create a representation (e.g., a diorama, a video, a drawing, a series of tableaux) of the three laws as applied to participation in movement activity.

Identify and apply the biomechanical concepts related to the use of leverage as it relates to striking (e.g., shorter radius of rotation reduces force, as in "choking up on a bat").

Recognize that the fulcrum of a lever in the body is the joint, that the force in the body is produced by the muscles, and that bones are the rigid bars.

Explore and make conclusions as to how the length of the rigid bar can affect the amount of force required or created in the movement (e.g., hitting a golf ball with a 3 iron compared to a 9 iron, "choking up on the bat" when batting in baseball).

Explore and explain the changes in difficulty in performing a movement skill when there is a variation in the amount of weight born by the lever (e.g., a standing push up on the wall, a kneeling push up on the floor, a regular push up on the floor).

Hypothesize and confirm how to throw an object for maximum distance by varying the angle of release of the object, the number of muscles involved, and the range of motion of the body segments involved in the throw.

Explore and propose conclusions about how the angle of take-off can affect the height or the distance of a jump.

Research and identify the recommended angle of projection to support optimal performance of a variety of movement skills (e.g., long jump – 22 degrees, throw a ball – 35 to 45 degrees).

Describe and physically demonstrate the impact of:

• Newton's First Law (a body at rest remains at rest or continues moving in a straight line at constant speed until acted on by an external force) on movement performance (e.g., the rolling of a ball across various surfaces such as a gym floor, carpet, dirt, grass, ice)
• Newton's Second Law (a net force applied to a body causes an acceleration that is directly proportional to the force, in the direction of the net force, and inversely proportional to the body's mass) on movement performance (e.g., throw a ball using only the wrist; then wrist and elbow; then wrist, elbow, and shoulder and comparing the distance of the throws)
• Newton's Third Law (for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force) on movement performance in order to improve a movement skill (e.g., basketball pass from chest - as arms push out, body leans back slightly).

Consider and explore the application of the biomechanical concepts and principles related to levers and projectiles, as well as Newton's Laws of Motion, to enhance movement as required by the flow of play in striking/fielding games, net/wall games, target games, invasion/territorial games, and low-organizational and inventive games

Consider and explore the biomechanical concepts and principles related to levers and projectiles, as well as Newton's Laws of Motion, to adjust movement used in alternate environment and body management activities.