Describe the location, size, and function of the heart (e.g., in the chest area, about the size of a fist, a muscle that pumps blood which carries oxygen through arteries to the body parts).

Describe the location and function of the lungs (e.g., two in the chest area, breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide) and the role of the skeletal muscles (e.g., responsible for movement and structural support) in the human body.

Explain short-term and long-term effects of different types of exercise/physical activity on the body systems (e.g., cardiovascular endurance exercise – short term: increases heart rate, increases blood flow, increases breathing rate; long term: stronger heart which beats less, greater lung capacity).

Explain the difference and the connection between muscular endurance activities/exercises and muscular strength activities/exercises.

Recognize that movement activities that require repeated high demands being placed on the joints, such as lifting heavy weights, are not appropriate for growing bodies and should be avoided until the body muscles are more fully developed, but that simple daily tasks (e.g., carry the groceries home from the store) and lifting light weight in a supervised environment is appropriate.

Discuss the importance and incorporate the use of light activity and stretching as part of a cool-down following a vigorous activity (e.g., decrease blood flow and body temperature gradually, loosen the muscles).

Demonstrate, through verbal explanations and/or visual representations, how exercise helps decrease body fat and increase muscle, that fat and muscle are two different components of the body, and that you cannot turn one into the other.